New Trend in Root Canal
Cleaning and ShapingDr. Rasha al-Shamaa
Introduction
A complete and hermetically sealed root canal is very important for achieving success in endodontic therapy
Nickel titanium rotary instrumentation was first introduced to endodontics by Walia et al. (1988) and quickly acquired many advocates among endodontists.
In last years, there have been tremendous advances in the design of rotary NiTi instruments to improve the quality of root canal preparation, which leads to better obturation, apical seal, and eventually to better prognosis for the treated tooth
The NiTi alloy belongs to the family of intermetallic alloy, this means that NiTi alloy can exist in various crystallographic forms, with distinct phases and different physical properties
The Protaper rotary nickel titanium were first introduced in 2000,by DENTSPLY Maillefer , it is comprises of 3 shaping files (SX, S1 and S2) and 5 finishers (F1 to F5).
The RaCe was manufactured since 1999 .
Easy RaCe set consist of Pre-RaCe instrument—0,01/40, 0.08/35 for coronal shaping, and Three 25 mm longe a #25(6%, 4%, 2% taper)for apical finishing
The K3 nickel titanium instruments was introduced in January 2002 in North America by Dr. John McSpadden. six files in sizes 15-60 with three different tapers (2%, 4%and 6%).
DiaDent International European Group(2010). six files in #15-60 with three different tapers (2%, 4%, 6%).
BioRaCe has two sets of instruments Basic and Extended. The Basic set contains six instruments (BR0-25/0.08, BR1-15/0.05, BR2-25/0.04, BR3-25/0.06, BR4-35/0.04 and BR5-40/0.04) and is recommended to use on the majority of the root canal
Rubber Stopper(Assistant Colour Coding)
• Coding Key(ck)
Mtwo Endodontic Instruments one of new generation of NiTi rotary instruments, it is introduced in the European market. The standard set for this system includes four instruments, (size 10/.04 taper, size 15/.05 taper, size 20/.06 taper, size 25/.06 taper)
FlexMaster(A system for any case): sizes 20, 25 and 30 have three different tapers (0.02, 0.04 and 0.06), size 35 has two different tapers (0.02 and 0.06) and sizes 40 and 45 have only a 0.02 taper. These instruments using the crown-down technique to enlarge the root canals depending on the clinical situation
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The EndoSequence file system is available in both .04 (size 15-60) and .06 (size 15-50) taper instruments, in lengths of 21, 25, and 31 mm instruments
The Expeditor is a size-27 file, with a .04 taper and is 21 mm long “Expeditor” is included with the system to assist in determining the initial canal diameter and which EndoSequence package to open.,
Twisted File (TF ) TF is a very different instrument than the previous generation of RNT files that were ground from nickel titanium blanks
Self-Adjusting File(SAF) This system was a new generation of rotary NiTi Instruments, it was a product of Australian Dental Association. The SAF comes in 21, 25, 31mm lengths and two widths
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During instrumentation, prepare a glide path to avoid blocking the canal with debris by hand stainless steel file #15, just like that done with rotary files, then the root canal was preflaring by Protaper (S1), for apical control zone use twisted file (0.08taper) and finally used SAF with copious irrigation
There are two aspects to the SAF system; the first is the ability of the file to clean, and the second is the fact that it is constantly pumping fresh NaOCl through the centre of the file, this is the most useful/best aspect of the system. The file has benefits of passive ultrasonic irrigation with continual deposition of fresh NaOCl into the canal during preparation to obtain The irrigation part of the SAF system was electronic pump. The pump has a timer to make sure use the file for the full minute greater potential
, Wave _One There are 3 Wave One instruments are termed Small (yellow), Primary (red), and Large (black). The Small 21/06 file has a fixed taper of 6% over its active portion. The Primary 25/08 and the large 40/08. This design serves to improve flexibility and conserve remaining dentin in the coronal two-thirds of the finished preparation,
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ProSystem GT or Greater Taper and GTXThe Greater Taper, or GT. File was originally introduced in 1994.This instrument incorporated the U-file design and was marketed as Profile GT. the apical instrument diameter was 0.2 mm. Instrument tips were non cutting and rounded; Small series (#20 ISO, Medium #30 series, Large #40 series),
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EndoflareThe Endoflare is a separate instrument that can be used in combination with other systems to aid instrumentation it is used only to flare the coronal third at the beginning of shaping. at speed between 300-600 r.p.m.
Hero ApicalThe Hero Apical are instruments for the enlargement of the apical third in canals The series comprises two instruments both with tip diameter of 0.30 mm with a taper of .06 (black stop) and .08 (red stop) respectively
The working length of each root canal was determined by No-10 or 15 K-type file,
Root canal irrigation was performed at the beginning of the instrumentation and after each instrument size with (2 ml) of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) solution.At the end of the biomechanical preparation ,the dentinal smear layer was removed from all root canals using (2 ml) of 17% ethylene diamin tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 1 minute followed by (2 ml) of 5.25% NaOCL solution
reciprocation, defined as any repetitive back-and-forth motion , has been clinically utilized to drive stainless steel files since1958. Initially, all reciprocating motors and related hand piece rotated files in large equal angles of 90º clockwise (CW) and counter clockwise (CCW) rotation.
