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CSF and Peripheral Nervous System

L5
Dr. Thana Al-Khishali

:Learning Objectives

In this session, we are going to discuss:

The CSF elaboration, circulation and absorption

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, and related ganglia
The peripheral nervous system; nerve fibers, ganglia ,regeneration after injury, and nerve endings


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Cerebrospinal Fluid

Formation
Secreted by choroid plexuses into each ventricle

Choroid plexus are areas where the lining wall of the ventricle is very thin and has a profusion of capillaries

Drainage

From the roof of the 4th ventricle CSF flows through foramina into the subarachnoid space and completely surrounds the brain and spinal cord

When CSF pressure is higher than venous pressure CSF passes into the blood and when the venous pressure is higher the arachnoid villi collapse, preventing the passage of blood constituents into the CSF

The CSF passes back into blood through tiny diverticula of arachnoid mater called arachnoid villi (arachnoid granulations), which project into the venous sinuses


Some reabsorption of CSF by cells in the walls of the ventricles occurs

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Constituents of the CSF versus the Blood Plasma

• CSF Plasma
• Na+ 148 142
• K+ 2.9 4.0
• HCO3- 22 27
• Cl- 125 100
• Glucose 4.4 5.0
• Urea 5.0 5.0
• PCO2 6.6 5.3
• pH 7.3 7.4
• Protein 30 7000

Force of circulation

Movement of the CSF is by pulsating blood vessels, respiration and changes of posture

CSF is secreted continuously at a rate of about 0.5ml per minute i.e. 720 ml per day


Total CSF in the brain 120 ml

CSF pressure can be measured by attaching a vertical tube to the lumbar puncture needle – 10 cm water
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Normal Ventricles

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Hydrocephalus

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Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves

Ganglia

Cranial, spinal
Autonomic

Nerve endings

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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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Autonomic Nervous System

Concerned with visceral functions (homeostasis)
Two major divisions
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Preganglionic and postganglionic neurons


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Autonomic Efferent Pathway


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Sympathetic System

Sympathetic System
Nuclei in thoracolumbar region

Paravertebral ganglia

Chemical mediator noradrenalin (adrenergic)


Adrenal medulla is the only organ receives preganglionic fibers


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Scheme showing structure of a typical spinal nerve.

• Somatic efferent.
• Somatic afferent.
3,4,5.Sympathic efferent. 6,7.Sympathetic afferent.
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Parasympathetic System

• Nuclei in medulla, midbrain, and sacral portion of the spinal cord
• The cranial portion leave through III,VII,IX,and X cranial nerves

• Ganglia located near or within the effector organ

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Peripheral Nervous System

Spinal Ganglia
Large cell body (Pseudounipolar)
Intense basophilia with fine Nissl granules
Centrally located large nucleus with prominent nucleolus (owl’s eye)
Lipofuscin pigment
Satellite (capsule) cells
Connective tissue capsule


Cerebrospinal fluid

• Circulates in the subdural space

• Elaborated in the venous sinuses
• Related to ependymal cells
• Both 1&2
• Both 2&3


Nervous system

Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies in the peripheral ganglia

Autonomic Ganglia
Multipolar neurons
Discontinuous satellite cells
Eccentric nucleus
Fine Nissl granules
Capsule not prominent



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Spinal ganglion, Notice The ganglion cells, continuous satellite (capsule)cells, central nucleus, fibrous capsule, and nerve fibers


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Autonomic ganglion cells, Notice the eccentric nucleus and discontinuous satellite (capsule) cells


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Schematic representation of a nerve and a reflex arc. In this example, the sensory stimulus starts in the skin and passes to the spinal cord via the dorsal root ganglion. The sensory stimulus is transmitted to an interneuron that activates a motor neuron that innervates skeletal muscle. Examples of the operation of this reflex are withdrawal of the finger from a hot surface and the knee-jerk reflex


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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY

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Neural Regeneration


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Nerve Endings

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Meissner’s Corpuscle, dermal papilla in the skin

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The Muscle Spindle

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Thank You




رفعت المحاضرة من قبل: Abdalmalik Abdullateef
المشاهدات: لقد قام 6 أعضاء و 306 زائراً بقراءة هذه المحاضرة








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