Q1
1.calasia cardia
Narrowing in the distal part of the esophagus which is Constant , Short length , Regular and smooth , No shouldering sign the distal end is Tapering (Tip of pencil , cigar shape) Under left dome of diaphragm the dilation of the osophagus is Sac like in the proximal part , Undulating or spiky out line , Non- homogeneity of Barium due to food particles , Air Barium level in CXR shows , widening of mediastinum , Absence of fundal gas shadow , Basal fibrosis in lungs due to repeated aspiration pneumoni .
2. infiltrative ca.
Localized or generalized narrowing of the stomach rigid in appearance with shoulding sign on either sided aspect of the narrowing .3.manifestation of the early rheumatoid arthritis
Peri articular soft tissue swelling (edema, synovial congestion)Peri articular osteoporosis in symmetrical distribution
Preferred sites of early involvement
Hands: 2nd and 3rd MCP joint
Feet: 4th and 5th MTP joint
3. Skull XR changes of acromegaly
1.Thickening of the skull vault &diplioc space2.Thickening of the posterior occipital tubercle
3.Prognathism
4.Froehead bossing with enlargement of the frontal sinuses also with enlargement of the mastiod air cell .
5.Balloning with Double floor appearance of the sella tursica
4. Horse shoe kidney on IVU
The kidney low in position , the axis of the kidneys parallel to the axis of the spine & close to it with malrotation the calyces rotated medially , the pelvis & ureter located lateral & anterior in position , the lower pole of the 2 kidneys fused mostly .
5.renal stone causing hydronephrosis
Echogenic stone is seen with acoustic reflective shadow within the upper uretrer or PUJ causing obstruction & dilation of the renal pelvis , in which dilated renal pelvis appear as an echoic area in the center of the kidney surrounded periphery by the renal tissue .Q2 .
1.PUJ obstruction .2.uretrocele .
3.adult polycystic kidney disease .
4.fibrous dysplasia .
5.osteomalacia .
6.giant cell tumor.
7.solitary bone cyst .
8.ulcerative colitis .
9.thalacimia .
10.osophageal web.
11.osteosarcoma .
12.Ankylosing spondylitis
13.intussception
14.duedenal atresia
15.ulcerative colitis
Q3 .define
1. HYPERLINK "http://radiopaedia.org/articles/shenton-line" Shenton line is drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus and should continue laterally along the infero medial aspect of the proximal femur as a smooth line. If there is supero lateral migration of the proximal femur due to DDH then this line will be discontinuous .
2. Spondylolisthesis is a term denoting fore ward or backward movement of a vertebra relative to the vertebral segment below, typically due to HYPERLINK "http://radiopaedia.org/articles/spondylolysis" spondylolysis (pars interarticularis defects) .
3. Potts disease also known as tuberculous spondylitis, refers to vertebral body and intervertebral disc involvement with tuberculosis (TB.
4.uretrocele it is a dilation of the distal part of the ureters ( intra vesical portion ) , the dilated ureter is rounded or oval in shape giving the cobra head appearance in IVU examination leading to hydronephrosis .
5.bladder extrophy congenital anomaly representing herniation of the bladder down ward become low in position with separation of the symphysis pubis widely seen in plain XR of the pelvis .
Q4. T or F
1.T
2.F
3.F
4.F
5.T
6.T
7.T
8.T
9.F
10.F
11.T
12.F
13.T
14.F
15.F
16.F
17.F
18.T
19.F
20.F