كروب A pdf - كتابة الطلاب

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What is the diagnosis?

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Complications ?

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Answers

Diagnosis :

Entropion of lower lid

with trichiasis

Complications:

Chronic

conjunctivitis,

conjunctival scar, corneal

ulcer & corneal opacity

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What is the diagnosis?

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Treatment ?

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Answers

Diagnosis :

Cicatricial ectropion

Treatment :

V to Y plasty or Z plasty

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- What is the diagnosis?

- Surgical operation in the

lid ?

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Answers



Entropion in lower lid,

trichiasis & corneal ulcer

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Surgical operation:

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Lateral canthotomy, lateral

canthoplasty

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Diagnosis



treatment

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Answers :

-Stye

ttt of P.F. “ staph. Aureus”
-local antibiotics & eye

drops

-Hot fomentation

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Diagnosis



Complications



treatment

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Answers:

-Diagnosis:

Ophthalmia

neonatorum

-Complications:

Corneal ulceration , iridocyclitis

-ttt:

-Prophylactic ttt.

-Curative ttt: lotions, topical and

systemic antibiotics and
atropine ointment in case of
corneal involvement.

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Diagnosis

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etiology

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Answer:

Phlyctenular conjunctivitis

(limbal phlycten)

Etiology :

Hypersensitivity reaction to

endogenous antigens e.g.
bacterial antigens as T.B &
chlamydia.

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Diagnosis



treatment

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Answers:

-Bulbar spring catarrhal

ttt :topical steroids, mast cell

stabilizers,

anti histaminic

Dark glasses & cold

compresses.

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Diagnosis



2 causes

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Answers:

-phlycten

-Causes:

Hyper sensitivity to an

endogenous antigen e.g.
tuberculo-protein, Intestinal
parasites, staphylococcal
blepharoconjunctivitis.

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Comment on

lashes

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complications

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Answers:

-Ulcerative blepharitis

-Complications:

Chronic conjunctivitis,

Madarosis,

trichiasis, ptylosis, epiphora,

Ectropion, corneal ulcer.

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What is this sign called?

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pathogenesis

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Answers:

Sign:

Marcus

–Gunn

phenomenon

Pathogenesis:

Faulty Innervation
“motor fibers from 5

nerve reach levator
instead of the 3

nerve”

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Diagnosis

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treatment

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Answers:

Diagnosis:

mucopurulent conjunctivitis

Ttt:

-Eye lotions

-Antibiotics ointments e.g.

tobramycin at night

-Antibiotic eye drops

-Hot foments

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Comment on conjunctiva &

cornea

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What are the indications of

surgical treatment ?

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Answers:

Diagnosis:

Ptyregium

Comment :

Conjunctiva > conj. Epith.

hyperplasia

Cornea >covered by apex of

Ptyregium.

Indications of surgical ttt:

- If encroaches the pupillary area

- Progressive type

- Cosmetically annoying the patient

- Recurrent cases

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Cause of this appearance

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2 eye drops

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Answers:

Cause:

post. Synechiae

2 eye drops:

Atropine sulfate

corticosteroids

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Diagnosis



Name 2 causes

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Answer

Diagnosis :

rubeosis iridis

–

Peripheral iridectomy

Causes :

Diabetic Retinopathy and

CRVO



Diagnosis



What is the visual

complaint?

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Answers:

Diagnosis:

Irido-dialysis

Visual complaint :

Uniocular diplopia

Diagnosis



Factors affecting prognosis

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Answers:

Diagnosis:

Lt. congenital ptosis

Factors affecting

prognosis:

Amount of ptosis

Extent of levator function

If 3

nerve palsy >> correct

squint first

If 5

nerve palsy >>

postpone the op. till 5

regenerates .

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A 68y patient complaining of

sudden

diminution

of vision

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What is the Diagnosis?



mention two systemic

predisposing condition

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Answers:

Diagnosis:

CRVO

2 Systemic P.F.:

Systemic hypertension &

Diabetes mellitus

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Diagnosis

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Antiviral drugs for ttt

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Answers:

Diagnosis:

Herpetic corneal ulcer

“Dendritic ulcer”

Antiviral drugs:

Acyclovir , vidarabine ,

T3F & IDU

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Diagnosis

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What is the suspected

refraction of this patient?



Answers:

Diagnosis:

Keratoconus “ Munson`s

sign”

Suspected refraction:

axial myopia & Astigmatism.



Diagnosis



2 posterior segment

diseases cause it

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Answer

Diagnosis:

rubeosis iridis

Causes:

Diabetic

Retinopathy and CRVO



Diagnosis



Deferential diagnosis

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Answers:

Diagnosis :

CRAO

D.D.:

“For cherry red

spot”

Commotio retinae

Quinine poisoning

Macular hole surr. By
RD

Amauratic family idiocy

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Diagnosis

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Expected field of vision

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Answers:

Diagnosis:

Glaucomatous cupping of

optic nerve

Expected field of vision:

Tubular field.



Diagnosis

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2 syndromes associated with it

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mention effect on optic nerve

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Answers:

Retinitis Pigmentosa

2 Syndromes :

Bardet - biedl syndrome
Refsum’s disease

Effect on optic n.:

Waxy disc pallor due to

consecutive optic atrophy

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The optic disk of this

patient show…….



Name a cause for this

condition

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Answers

Comment :

Papilleodema

Cause:

Elevated intracranial

tension.

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A 57y patient with sudden painful

drop of vision IOP is stony

hard

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Name 2 medication for emergency



treatment of this case

Answer

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Diagnosis:

Acute congestive

glaucoma

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2 Medications for emergency :
hyper-osmotic agent, topical
miotics, topical steroids

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Ttt: ttt essentially surgical
recent….surgical iridectomy
late….their is PAS ,an external
fistulizing operation

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Nerve& muscle affected ?

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Direction of gaze which diagnose

this case ?



The main complaint of the patient

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Answer



Nerve& muscle
affected:

Rt Abducent

nerve-RT. Lateral rectus

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Direction of gaze:

the right

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Main complaint:

Binocular Diplopia



Diagnosis



Component of it

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Answers:

Diagnosis:

hypermetropia

Components

Total , Latent , Manifest

hyperopia



Type of squint & its angle

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Confirmatory test

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Answers:

Type of squint :

exotropia

angle:

Confirmatory test:

Cover test

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Diagnosis



treatment

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Answers:

Diagnosis:

After cataract

TTT:

- No interference if vision

is not affected

- If thick : surgical

intervention

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Diagnosis



treatment



Answers:

Diagnosis:

myopia

TTT:

- eye glasses with

concave minus lenses

- contact lenses

- refractive surgery if

indicated



What s this inustrument

called



Used for……..



Answers:

Instrument:

Applanation tonometry

(gold mann)

usage:

IOP measurement

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What is the upper lid abnormality?



What are the complications?



Answers:

Comment :

Left upper lid ptosis

Complications:

Amblyopia & Squint

scoliosis and ocular

torticollis.

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Comment on lens

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This is an association

of………..syndrome

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Answer

Comment :

lens subluxation

Syndrome:

Marfan’s syndrome

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A 68y old woman with cataract

extraction . Complaining of

drop of vision which was

managed



What was the cause of drop of

vision?



What was the management?



Answer

Cause:

posterior capsular

opacification (after
cataract)

Management:

YAG laser capsulotomy



Comment on the lower lid



Name 2 possible

complications of this

conditions

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Answers:

Comment:

Senile ectropion

2 possible complications:

xerosis

corneal ulcer



Diagnosis



Name 2 surgical

procedures for ttt of this

condition

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Answers:

Diagnosis :

Buphthalmos

2 Surgical procedures:

-goniotomy

-trabeculotomy



What are these field

defect called?



Name the cause



Answer

Field defect:

Bitemporal hemianopia

Cause:

Optic chiasma lesions

(nasal fibers damage)

e.g. Pituitary gland tumor

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What's the error of

refraction in this patient ?



What're the complications

of this case ?



Answer

Error of refraction :

High myopia

Complications:

Chorio-retinal degenerations

retinal tears

retinal detachment



Diagnosis

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3 causes



Answers

Diagnosis:

Symblepharon

Causes:

- Post-trachomatous

- Post-operative ( Pterygium

excision)

- Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid



The eye lid & Conjunctiva

show



possible findings in the

crystalline lens



Answers

Comment :

Ecchymosis & subconjunctival

hemorrhage"

Possible findings:

(Concussion cataract "

Rosette-shaped" - Lens

subluxation or dislocation

)



Diagnosis



2 causes



Answers:

Diagnosis :

Lens subluxation

Causes:

Marfan's syndrome

Homocystenuria &

Trauma



What's the sign called ?



3 possible causes



Answers

Sign :

Leukocoria

Causes :

Retinoblastoma

congenital cataract

Retinpathy of prematurity



What is the error of

refraction ?



How to correct ?



Answers

Error of refraction:

Hypermetropia

Correction :

Spherical Convex "plus"

Lens



Diagnosis



mention caustive

organism



Answers:

Diagnosis :

Hypopyon corneal ulcer

Causative organism:

pneumococci



Diagnosis



Mention disease cause

this



Answers:

Diagnosis:

exophthalmos

Disease :

Hyperthyrodism



Diagnosis



treatment



Answers:

Diagnosis:

Corneal

foreign body

TTT:

Surgical removal



Diagnosis



mention muscle

affected and its nerve

supply



Answers:

Diagnosis:

Left upper lid

ptosis

Muscle affected :

levator palpebrae sup.

innervation:

oculomotor n.



Diagnosis



Mention 2 complications



Answers:

Diagnosis

sublaxated &cataractous

lens

Complications

lens dislocation

2ry Glaucoma

Iridocyclitis



Diagnosis



Mention 2 complications



Answers:

Diagnosis:

Blood staining

of the cornea “total
hyphema or 8-ball
hyphema”

2Complications:

Elevation of IOP

Corneal staining



Diagnosis



Mention 2 ttt



Answers:

keartic precipitates

ttt :

Topical : Atropine sulfate

& corticosteroids.

Systemic: systemic

steroids (in severe
cases)

& Antibiotics (in infective

cases)



sederosis bulbi



Patient with foreign body in his eye

from one year



In picture you will see one eye normal

&other eye(black iris)