Prevention

PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Dr Fatima Alkhaledy M.B.Ch.B,F.I.C.M.S/C.M.

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

An illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic products capable of being directly or indirectly transmitted from man to man,animal to animal or from the environment (air,dust,soil,water,food) to man or animal.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRIAD

DYNAMICS OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

DIRECT TRANSMISSION INDIRECT TRANSMISSION

MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

DIRECT TRANSMISSION Direct Contact

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

DIRECT TRANSMISSION Direct Contact Skin to Skin. Mucosa to Mucosa. Mucosa to Skin. Of the same person or different Person. Eg-STD, AIDS, leprosy, skin and eye infections.

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

DIRECT TRANSMISSION Direct Contact Droplet Infection

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

DIRECT TRANSMISSION Direct Contact Droplet Infection Direct Projection of a spray of droplets of saliva and naso-pharyngeal secretions during coughing, sneezing or speaking to the surrounding atmosphere. Eg: Respiratory infections, diphtheria, whooping cough, TB, Meningococcal meningitis.

Droplet Sprayed into the Air from a Sneeze

MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION Direct Contact Droplet Infection Contact with Soil Eg: Hookworm larva, Tetanus.


MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT TRANSMISSION Direct Contact Droplet Infection Contact with Soil Inoculation into skin or mucosa Eg: Rabies, infected needles.

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

DIRECT TRANSMISSION Direct Contact Droplet Infection Contact with Soil Inoculation into skin or mucosa Transplacental (vertical) Eg: TORCH agents, syphilis, HBV, AIDS

INDIRECT TRANSMISSIONTraditionally 5F’sFliesFingerFomiteFoodFluids

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION Vehicle-borne. Water Food Ice Blood, Serum, Plasma Tissues and organs

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION Vehicle-borne. Vector-borne.

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION Vehicle-borne. Vector-borne. Air-borne.

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION Vehicle-borne. Vector-borne. Air-borne. Fomite-borne. Inanimate article or substances other than water or food contaminated by infectious agents

INDIRECT TRANSMISSION Vehicle-borne. Vector-borne. Air-borne. Fomite-borne. Unclean hand and finger.

MORE COMMUNICABLE DISEASES PREVALENT

Respiratory infections: Chicken pox. Measles. Mumps. Rubella. Influenza .
Diphtheria. Meningitis. Whooping Cough. ARI. TB.


MORE COMMUNICABLE DISEASES PREVALENT
Intestinal Infections: Poliomyelitis. Viral hepatitis. Acute diarrhoeal disease. Typhoid fever. Cholera.
Food poisoning. Amoebiasis. Taeniasis. Ascarasis. Hookworm infestation.

CONT.

Arthropod-borne Diseases Malaria Dengue. Filariasis. Zoonosis: Viral Rabies Avian flu.

Bacterial Leptospirosis. Brucellosis. Human salmonellosis.

CONT.
Surface Infections: Trachoma Tetanus Leprosy AIDS STD Hospital Acquired Infections.

Decrease your risk of infectious diseases by understanding how they spread and how you can protect yourself.
Disease Prevention And Control

Wash your hands often:

Disease Prevention And Control

Disease Prevention And Control

Wash your hands often: This is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet.


Disease Prevention And Control
Wash your hands often. Get vaccinated.

Disease Prevention And Control

Wash your hands often. Get vaccinated. Immunization can drastically reduce the chances of contracting many diseases.

Disease Prevention And Control

Wash your hands often. Get vaccinated. Use antibiotics sensibly.

Only take antibiotics when necessary.If they're prescribed, take them exactly as directed — don't stop taking them early because your symptoms have gone away.

Disease Prevention And Control

Wash your hands often. Get vaccinated. Use antibiotics sensibly. Stay at home if you have signs and symptoms of an infection.

Disease Prevention And Control

Wash your hands often. Get vaccinated. Use antibiotics sensibly. Stay at home if you have signs and symptoms of an infection. Be smart about food preparation.

Disease Prevention And Control

Wash your hands often. Get vaccinated. Use antibiotics sensibly. Stay at home if you have signs and symptoms of an infection. Be smart about food preparation. Pay special attention to cleaning the 'hot zones' in your home.


Disease Prevention And Control
Don't share personal items.

Disease Prevention And Control

Don't share personal items. Use your own Toothbrush Comb Razor blade. Avoid sharing drinking glasses or dining utensils.

Disease Prevention And Control

Don't share personal items. Travel wisely.

Disease Prevention And Control

Don't share personal items. Travel wisely. Keep your pets healthy.

ROLE OF MEDICAL STAFF IN PREVENTING COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

a) Controlling the reservoir a. Early Diagnosis Precise treatment Epidemiological Investigation- study time place & person distribution of the disease and For institution of prevention and control measures. b.Notification c. Isolation d. Quarantine

ROLE OF DOCTORS IN PREVENTING COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

b) Interruption of transmission“Breaking the chain of Transmission”c) Susceptible Hosta. Active immunization.b. Passive Immunizationc. Combined Active and passive immunization.d) Non-specific measuresBetter housing, water-supply, sanitation. nutrition and education.Legislative measures- to formulate and effective implementation of measures.