Cecum
Is blind end pouch Location :-in the right iliac fossa…below the level of junction with ileum.Length:-6cm.Cecum is intraperitoneal part..coz it is covered completely with peritoneum.**what are the peritoneal folds in cecum?1)sup.ileocecal fold.2)inf.ileocecal fold.3)Retrocecal fold. No mesentry is presentTaienia colli:-three flat bands of longitudinalmuscles that are restricted.
Note:- the taenia colli convergeon the appendix & provide for its complete muscular coat. Note :- cecum often is distended with gas ..can be papated in ant.abdominal wall. Note:-there are two lips in the large intestine that called ileocecal valve.Relations:-
Note:-always ant..relation has coils of small intestine.1)ant:-coils of small intestine…grater omentum..ant.abdominal wall in right iliac fossa.Post:-psoas &iliacus musclethe femoral nerve..lat.cutaneous nerve of thigh.the appendix behind the cecum.Medially:-appendix.Blood supply
Ant & post cecal branches form ileocolic artery branch from sup.mesenteric artery.Veins :-drain in sup mesenteric vein.Lymph nodes :-drain in sup.mesenteric lymph nodes.Nerve :-نفس السابقات Ileocecal valve
A rudimentary structure. Components:-two horizontal folds of mucous membrane around the orifice of ileum. Function:-has a little role or no rple in prevention the reflux of cecum in ileum. **gastrin :- is responsible for contraction of muscle tone.Appendix:-
Is a muscular tube Contents :-large amount of lymphoid tissue. Length:-8-13cm. Location :--posteriomedial to cecum .about 2.5cm below the ileocecal junction..in right iliac fossa. Note :- it is a complete peritoneal covering. Imp:-mesoappendix:- is a short mesentry of appendix by which the appendix attached to lower layer of mesentry of small intestine. Fnction:-contains appendicular vessels & nerves.Mesoappendix is in the beginning of appendix
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Blood supply:-
Appendicular artery …branch from post.cecal artery..Note :-mesoappendix is continuous with the mesentry around the ileum.Note :- the fibers responsible for pain in the appendix are from sympathetic …at tenth thoracic segment.
Notes:-imp
The most fixed part of appendix is the base of it…that is Mcburney’s point .The line joining the ASIS&umbilicus.The base lies one third up the line…in relation to ant.abdominal wall.The mesoappendix is a mesentry …that suspend the appendix .The meso appendix is double layer of peritoneum.Ascending colon
Length :-13 cm Location :-extends from ccecum to left side to lower part of liver to the right colic flexure to form the transverse colon.in the right loer quadrant. Note :- it is connected to post.abdominal wall. Relation:- Ant:-the ant.abdominal wall ,greater omentum &coils of small intestine. Post:-the iliacus ,the iliac crest,quadratus lumborum,transversus abdominis,iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal,lower pole of right kidney.Blood supply:-right colic artery from sup.mesenteric artery & ileocolic artery . Veins :-drain in sup.mesenteric vein.
Descending colon:-
Length:-25cm.Location:-in the left upper &lower quadrant..extends from left colic flexure to pelvic brimNote :- it is continuous with sigmoid colon …& CONNECTED TO POST ABDOMINAL WALL BY PERITONEUM.Note :- the ascending & descending colon are retroperitoneal. Relation :- Ant:- same Post:lat.border of left kidney,left psoas ,iliac crest,iliacus,quadratus lumborum,ilioinguinal nerve,iliohypogastric nerve,femoral nerve & lat.cutaneus nerve of thigh.
Blood supply:-left colic artery & sigmoid branch from inf.mesenteric arteryVeins :- drain in inf.mesenteric vein.Note :- the left colic flexure is suspended by phrenicocolic flexure …it is higher than the right.
Transverse colon
Is the longest part of the colon.Length :-38cmLocation :- occupies the umbilical region.Relation :-Ant:-ant.abdominal wall (umbilical & hypogastric region)…greater omentumPost:-the second part of duodenum ….pancreas..coils of jejunum & ileum Note :- it is suspended by transverse mesocolon from pancreasBlood supply :- 1)proximal 2\3 from sup mesenteric vein by middle colic artery.& distalm 1\3 from inf.mesenteric artery.Veins:- in sup.mesenteric & inf.mesenteric veins.Lymph :-colic nodes…sup.mesenteric lymph nodes..inf mesenteric lymph nodes.