inguinal region anatomy with clinical notes

Inguinal region Anatomy

With clinical
notes

Notes on inguinal region

Inguinal region:-is the region of junction between lower ant.abdominal wall & the upper ant.thigh.
**why it is potential area for weakness?
Coz it is the site where several structures exit & enter the abdomen.
**inguinal ligament:-extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle.
Note imp:- it fuses inf.with fascia lata of thigh.((deep fascia lata)).
Cooper’s ligament:-pectinate lig:-is the continuation of inguinal lig posterolaterally along the pectineal line ((in pubis bone)).
Gimbernat’s(lacunar lig):-a ligamentous reflection fills the interval between inguinal ligament & pectinate lig.





Note that lacunar lig forms the medial rigid margin of femoral ring . Note:-ilioinguinal nerve found in the canal in both sexes.
Ex.oblique is complete covering except at sup.inguinal ring.
Int & fascia transversalis are deficient always coz the are arises from lat.inguinal lig.


Note :- indirect inguinal hernia or congenital inguinal hernia .
Is defined as protrusion of abdominal organ from the tissue it contains in inguinal canal.
Progressive stretching is present in parietal peritoneum.
The inguinal region is an area of potential weakness in males & females..weakest area is the ant.wall.
The direct inguinal hernia lies med.to inf.epigastric vessels

Deep inguinal ring lat.to inf.epigastric vessels

Hasselbach(inguinal) triangle :- is a triangle formed on ant.abdominal wall..formed by :-
1)inguinal ligament.
2)inf.epigastric vessels(lat).
3)lat.margin of rectus abdominins.
Direct=acquired:related to sternous activity that increases intra-abdominal pressure…not enters scrotum.
Congenital=indirect

Direct inguinal hernia or acquired

Occurs in old males ,,,due to sternous activity & increse intra-abdominal pressure.
So the shutter like action of int.oblique & transversus abdominis is lost.
It occurs medial to inf.epigastric artery .
Not descend to scrotum .
Occurs in conjoint tendon & the sup.inguinal lig.


Indirect inguinal hernia or congenital
Occurs in young males
During embryonic descent of testes.
Lateral to inf.epigastric artery.
Protrusion of intestinal loop through the inguinal canal & descends to scrotum.

• Direct inguinal hernia

• Also called acquired
• Occurs at conjoint tendon & appear at sup.inguinal ring.
• Not carry any layer of spermatic cord.
• Not enter to scrotum.
• Medially to inf.epigastric artery
• Indirect inguinal hernia
• Also called:-congenital .
• Occurs at deep inguinal ring…
• carries all the layers as spermatic cord.
• May enters the scrotum
• Lateral To inf.epigastric artery