Introduction to Musckeloskeletal System

Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System

The skeleton proper (bones & joints)

Skeletal muscles

Tendons

Ligaments

Composition of the Musculoskeletal System

Bone Structure

Types include synarthrodial, amphiarthrodial, diarthrodial.

Structure synovial joint.
Subtyped by anatomic structure:
Ball-and-socket
Hinge
Condylar
Biaxial
Pivot
Joints


Structure Diarthrodial Joint

History-taking

Inspect & Palpate joints
Assess range of motion
Assess muscle strength
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Assessment of the musculoskeletal system

Face and neck
Spine
Hand
Hip
Ankles, feet
Neurovascular assessment
Psychosocial assessment
Specific Assessments


Flexion
Extension
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Adduction
Abduction
Joint motion - a review of terms
Inversion
Eversion
Internal rotation
External rotation
Pronation
Suppination

Measuring Range of Motion

If any limitation or increase in ROM is noted, use a ___________ to measure the angles precisely

Differential diagnoses - what is the primary problem

Fracture
Sprain
Dislocation or subluxation
Joint or muscle inflammation
Age specific abnormality
Systemic illness (examples)
neuropathy
myopathy
connective tissue disease

Laboratory tests—serum calcium and phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, serum muscle enzymes
Radiographic examinations—standard radiography, bone density, tomography and xeroradiography, myelography, arthrography, and CT
Other diagnostic tests—bone and muscle biopsy
Diagnostic Assessment

EMG aids in the diagnosis of neuromuscular, lower motor neuron, and peripheral nerve disorders; usually with nerve conduction studies.
Low electrical currents are passed through flat electrodes placed along the nerve.
If needles are used, inspect needle sites for hematoma formation.
Electromyography


Fiberoptic tube is inserted into a joint for direct visualization.
Patient must be able to flex the knee; exercises are prescribed for ROM.
Evaluate the neurovascular status of the affected limb frequently.
Analgesics are prescribed.
Monitor for complications.
Arthroscopy

Bone scan

Gallium or thallium scan
Magnetic resonance imaging
Ultrasonography
Other Tests

Mechanical inflammatory

Inherited acquired
Symmetrical asymmetrical
Poly oligo monarticulaer

E.g back pain discitis

marfan lig tear
ploymyosits muscle tear
RA RACTIVE arthritis septic arthritis


Types od disorders

Sign of arthritis =red warm limitation swelling

Types of arthritis=
Septic
Crystal induced
Autoimmune
Para neoplastic
Reactive
Arthritis or arhtherlgia

1-what are the tissues that lead to joint pain

2-how you can differentiate between arthritis and artherlgia !!signs or symptoms
2 notices