speech - practical notes from Macloed

Thursday 1-10-2015

Dysarthria:-disturbance of articulation.
Dysphonia:-impairment of voice or sound production from laryngeal diseases.
Dysphasia:-disturbance of understanding or and expression of words.

--notes:-when dysphonia occurs 1-vocal cord pathology

2-Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
There will be bovine cough ?due to the inability of abducting the vocal cord.
--dysarthria:-can result from local lesions of the mouth,lip,tongue or NM pathways.
--in Parkinson disease(extrapyramidal dysarthria) ,there is MONOTONOUS speech,means a lack of variety in the speech that makes you feel bored
(يكون الكلام على وتيرة واحدة)
--in pt with cerebellar diseaseslow slurred speech (drunken person).
--language areas is in the left dominant hemisphere in majority of rt handedness people.

#Areas of language:-

1-Broca's area:-
Location:-in the inferior frontal region.
Function:-word production//language expression.


2-Wernicke's area:-
Location:-superior posterior temporal lobe.
Function:-comprehension of spoken language.
Note:-arcuate fasciculus is the connection area between them.
Note :- areas of parietal lobe are involved in the understanding of written language &numbers.

SO in speech we have:-

1-receptive area:-means for speech comprehension so its (Wernicke's area)
2-expressive area:-means for speech production&words expression so its(Broca's area)
3-conductive area:-arcuate fasciculus

What abnormalities we can find in speech ?

1-expressive dysphasia:-damage to BROCA'S area.
--How the pt will be?
He has reduction in the numbers of words & non-fluent words are spoken with errors in the grammer.
BUT comprehension is intact.

2-receptive dysphasia:-damage to Wernicke's area.

--How the pt will be ?
Although speech may be fluent but he has comprehension problems,words may be meaningless &nonsense words.
3- global dysphasia:-when both of the receptive area & expressive one are damaged .
4-conductive dysphasia:-damage to arcuate fasciculus.
--How the pt will be?
He will be unable to repeat the words or phrases spoken by the examiner.


LASTLY:- few important terms
1-Dyslexia:-difficulty comprehending written language.
The cause :-lesions to the parietal lobe.
2-Dyscalculia:-difficulty in simple addition process&substraction.
The cause :-lesions to the parietal lobe.
3-Dysgraphia:-impairment of writing.
The cause :-lesions to the parietal lobe.
4-paraphasia:-speaking of incorrect words .

Done by :-

RuQaYa FaLaH

)الذين آمنوا وتطمئن قلوبهم بذكر الله ألا بذكر الله تطمئن القلوب الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات طوبى لهم وحسن مآب(