
د.ناهد الجميل
Health education
Health education is any combination of learning experiences designed to help
individuals and communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge
or influencing their attitudes (WHO)
APPROACH IN HEALTH EDUCATION:
1. Regulatory Approach(Managed Prevention)
2. Service Approach
3. Educational Approach
4. Primary health care Approach
Legal or Regulatory Approach:
Any governmental intervention, direct or indirect,
designed to alter human behaviour. Eg: Seat belts rule in cars .
Advantages: Simple , Quick , be useful in times of emergency or in limited
situations such as control of an epidemic disease.
Limitations : Difficult to enforce laws without a vast administrative infrastructure
and considerable expenditure.
Service Approach:
Intends to provide all the health facilities needed by the people
at their door steps on the assumption that people would use them to improve
their own health.
Limitation :not based on the felt-needs of people. This serves to illustrate that we
may provide free service to the people, but there is no guarantee that the service
will be used by them.
Educational Approach:
Most effective. Gives autonomy towards their own lives
Components : 1. motivation 2. communication 3. decision making .results slow ,
but permanent and enduring. Sufficient time for an individual to bring about
changes and learning new facts as well as unlearning wrong information as well.
Primary health care approach:
Radically new approach starting from the people
with their full participation and active involvement in the planning and delivery of
health services based on principals of art health care via community involvement
and inter- sectoral coordination. This approach is a fundamental shift from the
earlier approaches. Since individuals vary so much in their socio- economic

conditions, traditions, attitudes, beliefs and level of knowledge. A single approach
may not be suitable. Combination of approaches must be evolved depending
upon local circumstances .
CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION
• Human Biology:
The effects of alcohol, smoking, resuscitation and first aid are
also taught.
• Nutrition
: Eighth WHO Expert Committee on nutrition stated that education in
nutrition is a major strategic method for the prevention of malnutrition.
• Hygiene
: PERSONAL HYGIENE includes bathing, clothing, washing hands and
toilet; care of feet, nails and teeth; spitting, coughing, sneezing, personal
appearance and inculcation of clean habits in the young.
ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE:
Objectives
(a) to educate the people in the principles of environmental health with a view to
bring about desired changes in health practices
(b) to secure adoption, wide use and maintenance of environmental health
facilities
(c) to promote active participation of the people in planning, construction and
operational stages of environmental improvements.
•
Family Health Care
: The aim of health education is to strengthen and improve
the quality of life of the family as a unit so that it can survive the vicissitudes of
rapid and complex social changes.
•Control of Communicable and Non - communicable Diseases:
People are encouraged to participate in programmes of disease control, health
protection and promotion.
• Mental health:
The aim of education in mental health is to help people to keep
mentally healthy and to prevent a mental breakdown
• Prevention of Accidents
: occur in three main areas: the home, road and the
place of work. Safety education should be directed to these areas. It should be the
concern of the engineering department and also the responsibility of the police
department to enforce rules of road safety. Management must provide a safe
environment, and promote general order and cleanliness.

•Use of Health Services:
inform the public about the health services that are
available in the community, and how to use them. They should not be misused or
abused .
Principles of Health Education:
1. Community involvement in planning health education is essential. Without
community involvement the chances of any programme succeeding are slim.
2. The promotion of self esteem should be an integral component of all health
education programmes.
3. Voluntarism is ethical principle on which all health education programme
should be built without it health education programmes become propaganda.
Health education should not seek to coerce but should rather aim to facilitate
informed choice.
4. Health education should respect cultural norms and take account of the
economic and environmental constraints face by people. It should seek positively
to enhance respect for all.
5. Good human relations are of utmost importance in learning.
6. Evaluation needs to be an integral part of health education.
7. There should be a responsibility for the accuracy of information and the
appropriateness of methods used.
8. Every health campaign needs reinforcement. Repetition of messages at
intervals is useful.
Practice of Health education:
1. Audio visual aids
2. Methods of health communication
–Individual / Family
–Group
–General public (Mass communication )