Administration of Medication
A/ Over view :-1- Central ideas.: -
1.1- Definition of drug .
1.2- The purpose of giving drugs.
1.3- Principle of administration of medication .
1.4 – The six rights .
1.5- Methods of drugs administration .
1.6- Administration of medication by mouth.
1.7- Disadvantages of drugs giving .
1.8- Injection methods .
1.9- . Disadvantages of Injection methods.
1.10-Factor that help absorb of drug.
1.11-Type of giving injection.
1.12 -The purpose of subcutaneous injection .
1.13- Definition of intra dermal injection .
1.14- The purpose of intra dermal injection.
1.15- Definition of intra muscular injection.
1.16- The purpose of intra muscular injection.
1.17- Definition of intra venous injection.
1.18- The purpose of intra venous injection.
2/ Performance objectives :- After this studding this modular unit you should be able to :
Define the drugs.
Enumerate the purpose of giving drugs.Mention the principles of giving drugs .
Enumerate the six right .
How you gives the drug by mouth.
6- What is the disadvantages of giving drugs by mouth .
7- Enumerate methods of administration drugs by injection.
8- Mention the purpose of giving drugs by intra dermal injection.
9- Determined the site of injection for intra dermal injection .
10- How you gives injection by intra muscular .
11- What is the observation that record after injection.
Administration of medication Lec:9
Definition of drug: drug is the substance which used to prevent, treat and diagnosed the disease.
Effect of drugs:
Local effect.General effect.
The purpose of giving drug:
For diagnosis (such as T.B test).
For cure (like antibiotic).
For prevention (like vaccines).
For treatment (like paracetamol, vit…….).
Principle of administration of drug
Doctor prescription and this include.Name of drug.
Name of patient.
Dosage.
Frequency.
Route.
Time.
Doctor name.
Date.
Washing hand before giving drugs.
Clean the equipment.
Not to give the drugs without reported in chart.
Don’t used hand in giving drugs.
Don’t return the drug to the tube.
Be sure of expire day of the drug.
Don’t mix any drug without the order of doctor.
9- Check the name of drug, patient, and doctor before give it to patient.
10. If the drugs have another name reported their name drug.
11. Repot the time of giving drug, date, name of drug,
dosage, methods of giving drug and the signature
of nurse.
The six rights:
True patient.True time.
True rout.
True dose
True effect.
True drug.
Methods of drugs administration:
Oral Method.Injection Method.
Inhalation Method.
Rectally Method.
Topical
Advantage of administration of drug by mouth:
It is safety to gives the drug by mouth.
Easily to give the drug.Disadvantage of this method:
Irritation of stomach by some drug.Some of drugs not digested in stomach.
Cannot measure the dose of the drug.
If the patient has any defect in mouth we cannot give the drug by mouth.
Patient with vomiting or feeding tube or gastric lavage.
How to give drug by mouth:
Check the order for medication and medicine chart, patient name, date, drug, dose, method, frequency, time and doctors signature.Read the labile 3 times while preparing drug.
Identify the patient carefully; check the bed cart, asked the patients name.
Give patient his medication; be sure that he swelled it.
Record the medication given, refused or omitted.
Injection method:
It is easy to give all the doses of drug by inject but it's expensively for patient.Disadvantage of injection method:
May cause infection or death if the drug is wrong.
Cannot stop the action of drug when it given by injection.
Factors help absorption of drugs:
Massage.Moving of area.
Dilute of drug.
Selection of needle size:
Kind of drug.Method of drug.
Thickness of tissue.
Fasting of giving drug.
Types of giving injection:
Subcutaneous injection.Intra dermal injection.
Intra muscular injection.
Intravenous injection.
Intraspinal.
Intra Articular
Intra Artery.
Subcutaneous injection (S.C):
Definition: forcing liquid into the fatty tissue under the skin.
The purpose:
When the patient must receive repeated subcutaneous injection like diabetic patient who received insulin subcutaneously.
For diagnosis like sensitivity test.
For some medication which is not suitable in any other method.
The site of injection for this method:
The outer surface of upper arm below the shoulder.In the middle anterior position of the thigh.
In the abdomen.
45 ingles.
Intra dermal injection (I.D).Definition: forcing of a small amount of fluid in to the dermal layer of the skin.
The purpose:For diagnostic purpose like (T.B) test.
For preventive purpose like (B.C.G).
For treatment.
The site of injection for this method:
Inner aspect of forearm is usually used for diagnostic test.
Sub scapular region of the back (the end of shoulder).
For skin treatment, the site depends on doctor order like abdomen.
15 ingles
Intramuscular injection (I.M):
Definition: forcing of a medicine into muscle tissue.The purpose:
When drug is too irritating for use subcutaneously.Large quantities of drug given.
When absorbed more rapidly into the blood stream than (S.C).
The site of injection:
Dividing the gluteus into quadrants, the injection is given in the upper outer quadrant of buttocks.The vastus laterals muscle of the thigh and below the hip joint for (4 inches)
In the deltoid muscle. 90 ingles
Intravenous injection (I.V):
Definition: injection of liquid medicine directly into the vein.
The purpose:
When a very rapid action is desired.For diagnostic test.
When the medication cannot be given by other methods.
The site of injection:
Cephalic vein.Median basilica vein.
Any other accessible vein
0 - 15 ingles
The observation that record after injection:Date of injection.
Name of medication and dosage.
Method of injection.
Site of injection.
Reaction of patient.
Signature of nurse.