Community
Dr. Samar
The Diet For People
Diabetes:
Life Style:
•
Regular physical activity.
•
Improve insulin resistance and lipid profile and lower blood
pressure.
Health Diet:
•
Reducing alcohol consumption.
•
Stop smoking.
Obesity:
▪ Prevalence of the DM type 2 in BMI more than 30, obesity is
10 folds.
▪ Android obesity is a risk of DM (west to pelvis).
▪ Increasing resistance to insulin and cardiovascular risk.
!
Aims of dietary management:
➢Achieve good glycaemia control.
➢Reducing of hyperglycemia and avoid the hypoglycemia.
➢Assist weight management.
➢Weight maintenance for type I of DM and non-obese type II
diabetes.
➢Weight loss for overweight and obese type II diabetes.
➢Reduce risk of complication (such as macrovascular and
microvascular).
➢Adequate nutrition.
Composition of diet:
!
Carbohydrates (CHO):
o
Modern insulin regimen.
o
Great flexibility in timing and choice of CHO (amount and
source).
o
DAFNE (Dose adjustment for normal eating) in type I, avoid
postprandial hyper/hypoglycemia.
o
Limitation of refined CHO and restriction of caloric intake
(plate mode in type II).
Food with low GI:
Starchy Food:
Basmati rice, spaghetti, porridge, noodles, granary bread, beans
and lentils.
Food processing and preparation is important.
Diet:
Diet for the diabetic patient is not different from health food
of everyone.
Repeated advice and encouragement are needed.
Diet prescribed should involve the least possible interference
with person lifestyle.
Adjust exercise and treatment with CHO amount consumed,
this is called (DAFNE) regimen.
Recommendations:
Proteins
1g/kg of ideal body weight.
Total fat
Less than 35% of energy intake
(skimmed milk, reduce fat
cheese, low fat yoghurt & lean
meat).
N-3 polyunsaturated fat
Avoid burger, sausage, biscuit
and cake.
No absolute quantity (fish).
Monounsaturated fat
(10 – 20)% of total energy
intake.
Total CHO
(40 – 60)% of total energy
intake.
So:
•
Low in sugar (though not sugar free).
•
Amount and source of the CHO.
Exercise:
❖
Adult: (18 – 24).
❖
(2 – 5) hours mode exercise.
❖
(75) minutes: vigorous exercise.
❖
Combination.
❖
Aerobic at least 10 minutes
Take care of your foot as you take care for your face.
Printed By: Ahmed Riyadh
Sucrose
Up to 10% of total energy
intake.
Fibers
No absolute quantity.
Vitamins & antioxidants
Fruits & vegetables: 5 portions
per day.
Salt
Less than 6 gm/day lower in
hypertension.