مواضيع المحاضرة: Clinical presentation Control and prevention
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Amebiasis

Amebiasis

Amebiasis is a disease caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica (E.his.)

Geographical distribution It is more common in people who live in tropical areas with poor sanitary conditions.
Diagnosis can be difficult because other parasites can look very similar to E.histolytica when seen under a microscope.
Infected people do not always become sick.
If your doctor determines that you are infected and need treatment, medication is available.

Who is at risk of amebiasis

Although anyone can have this disease, it is more common in people who live in tropical areas with poor sanitary conditions.

In the United States, amebiasis is most common in:

People who have traveled to tropical places that have poor sanitary conditions
Immigrants from tropical countries that have poor sanitary conditions
People who live in institutions that have poor sanitary conditions
Men who have sex with men


E. histolytica infection can occur when a person

Swallows something, such as water or food, that is contaminated with E. histolytica.

Swallows E. histolytica cysts (eggs) picked up from contaminated surfaces or fingers (contaminated food or drink)
Direct contact of person- person (fecal-oral)
Contamination of foodstuffs by flies and possibly cockroach.

If I swalled E. H. ,how quickly would I become sick?

Only about 10% to 20% of people who are infected with E. histolytica become sick from the infection.

Those people who do become sick usually develop symptoms within 2 to 4 weeks, though it can sometimes take longer.
Its incubation period is variable and may be as short as a few days ,or as a several months.

Clinical presentation

symptoms include cramps, watery or bloody diarrhea and weight loss and may last several weeks.
Extra intestinal amebiasis , most commonly the liver, amebic liver abscess.

diagnosis

Your healthcare provider will ask you to submit fecal (poop) samples.
Because E. histolytica is not always found in every stool sample, you may be asked to submit several stool samples from several different days


A blood test is also available but is only recommended when your healthcare provider thinks that your infection may have spread beyond the intestine (gut) to some other organ of your body, such as the liver. However, this blood test may not be helpful in diagnosing your current illness because the test can be positive ifyou had amebiasis in the past, even if you are not infected now.

treatment

Several antibiotics are available to treat amebiasis. Treatment must be prescribed by a physician.
Diloxanide furoate
Metronidazole (flagyl)
Iodoquinol
chloroquine

Control and prevention

Improve personal hygiene
Especially institution
Treat asymptomatic carrier (family member)
Health education
Hand washing
Sanitation
Food handling
Protect water suuply
Treat water if questionable (not chlorine,) by boiling and or iodine; cysts are destroyed by boiling, but iodine and chlorine sterilizing tablets are not always effective.



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