Causes of Dystocia

Causes of Dystocia The Basic Causes of Dystocia. The Immediate Causes of Dystocia.

The Basic Causes of Dystocia: 1. Hereditary causes: These divided into those that have produced defects in the dam and those which may produce a defective fetus. The hereditary defects in the dam are: inguinal hernia, persistence of the median wall of the Mullerian duct, double cervix, hypoplasia of reproductive tract. The hereditary defects in fetus causes some pathological conditions such as Achondroplasia (bull dog), Arthrogryposis (Ankyloses), Hydrocephalus, Congenital dropsy, Brachygnathism, Diprosopus (Double head), Schistosomus Reflexus.

Anasarca Calf

Arthrogryposis (Ankyloses)

Diprosopus (Double head)

Schistosomus Reflexus

Schistosomus Reflexus

Monocephalus tetrapus tetrabrachius



Cyclopia

2. Nutritional Causes: The effects of nutrition on the dystocia come from the effect on pelvic area and fetal size. 3. Infectious Causes: Any infection or disease affecting the pregnant uterus and its contents may cause abortion, uterine inertia, fetal death, or may be causes a pathological condition in fetus. Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Vibriosis, Salmonella. 4. Traumatic Causes: Such as Ventral hernia, Rupture of prepubic tendon, Uterine torsion, Fractures of pelvic.


5. Uterine inertia: Is defined as the lack of normal physiological uterine contractions during or after parturition. There are two type of uterine inertia; primary and secondary. Primary uterine inertia: It seen at the time of parturition. It seen most often in dog, occasionally in cow and sow and rarely in the mare and ewe. It is more common in dairy than beef cattle. Excessive fat may be a possible factor. Overstretching of the uterus play a role in the occurrence of inertia (hydrops, twin pregnancy). It is associated with disease or degeneration of the uterine wall due to uterine infection.


Secondary uterine inertia: Seen in all species. It is result of or follows dystocia and is due to exhaustion of the uterine muscle. In prolonged dystocia the uterine muscles may become fatigued.

The Immediate Causes of Dystocia: The Maternal Causes. The Fetal Causes.

Incomplete Dilation of the cervix: It seen occasionally in the cow and ewe and very rarely in other domestic animal. It may occur both in the heifer and the multiparous cow. In ewe the condition is called Ring-womb. Causes include: Hormonal dysfunction (estrogen, relaxin and oxytocin are considered to play important roles in this process of cervix dilation). Uterine torsion. Fibrosis