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Presentation: The relationship between the long axis of the fetus and the long axis of the maternal birth canal. Thus presentation can be longitudinal (anterior or posterior) trasnsverse or (rarely) vertical.


Position: That surface of the maternal birth canal to which the fetal vertebral column is applied. Thus position can be dorsal, ventral, lateral (right or left)


Posture: The disposition of the extremities(neck and limbs), relative to the body of the fetus.

Sholuder flextion

Sholuder flextion
Carpal flexion

Hock flexion

Anterior presentation Dorsal position Downward deviation of the head With extension the for limb in the birth canal


Anterior presentation Dorsal position Bilateral shoulder flection

Posterior presentation Dorsal position Bilateral hip flection

Posterior presentation Dorsal position Extension the hind limb in the birth canal

Anasarca Calf

Arthrogryposis (Ankyloses)

Diprosopus (Double head)

Schistosomus Reflexus

Schistosomus Reflexus

Monocephalus tetrapus tetrabrachius

Cyclopia


four kittens joined in the pelvic region.

Double-headed calf.

Schistosoma reflexus in a calf.

Hydrocephalus in a live-born calf.

Calf embryo with accessory front limbs.





رفعت المحاضرة من قبل: Yehia Vet
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