بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Dr.OSAMA AL-MUSHHADANY
MRCS(ENGLAND)
IRAQI BAORD PEDIATRIC SURGERY
Nineva medical collegeSterilizations and disinfection
Disinfection: is a process that kills or remove pathogenic M.O except spores. Disinfectant: A chemical agent used to achieve disinfection. The efficiency of disinfection depends on: 1- Nature and load of MO. 2- Duration of exposure to the chemical material 3- Temperature of the environment.Methods of disinfection
Sterilization: A process that destroy all form of microbial life including bacteria, virus, fungus and spores.2-Ethylene oxide: A penetrative non corrosive gas used to sterilizes heat and moist sensitive substance. 3-Irradiation:Using gamma ray to sterilize syringes, catheters, cannulas and other plastic tubes and heat sensitive objects. 4- peracitec acid: chemical agent cause protein denaturation suitable for endoscopes.
Some chemical solutions used for skin preparation and wound cleaning
1- Povidone iodine: Can be used to disinfect skin before operation and to clean infected wounds and ulcers. Side effect: allergy, metabolic acidosis, interfere with thyroid function test, not recommended in pregnancy, not used inside abdominal cavities. 2- Chlorhixidine: Effective against gram positive MO. Can be used to disinfect skin before operation and to clean infected wounds und ulcers. 3- Alcohol: 70% used as disinfectant to prepare skin for operation, not used for wound or ulcer. 4- Hydrogen peroxide: Week disinfectant help to flush out depress from cavities by mechanical actionPrevention of wound infection at patient level
1- Avoid prolonged preoperative hospital stay. 2- Control any source of infection if possible. 3- Control DM, uremia, anemia, malnutrition, electrolyte disturbance. 4-Preoperative bathing. 5-Stop smocking 5- Avoid shaving the area of operation, if this is mandatory it should be on the table. 6- Prophylactic antibiotic. 7-Early post operative mobilization and exercise.Prevention of wound infection at staff level
1-Staff with focus of infection should not deal with patients. 2-Decrease number of staff in the operative theatre with less movement as possible. 3-Warring of special clothes and gowns. 4- Using the head caps , face mask and boot. 5- Hand washing 6- Warring sterile gloves during surgical procedure and usual gloves when dealing with infective focus.