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Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Final or definitive treatment:
It should be carried as soon as possible. Final treatment consist of either an excision or debridement of the wound. The final treatment consist of either excision or debridement of the wound and its followed by reconstruction and tissue repair

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul
Wound Management:
Open wound should be closed as soon as possible. How closure is achieved depends on the initial classification of the wound.
Incised wounds that are seen early (within 6-8 hours) have less contamination than older wounds, in which the likehood of infection is greater. Converting an incised wound to a clean wound usually requires minimal debridement and hemostasis. Primary closure can then considered. If the wound is older, debridement is followed by leaving the wound open initially for three or four days and closing primarily at that time.


Departmentf Surgery & Obstetrics
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul




Laceration and puncture wounds often require varying degrees of debridement. The aim of debridement is to convert a wound lined with damaged and potentially infected tissue to a surgically clean wound. Debridement removes dirt and bacteria as well as devitalized tissues that

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

Wound dressings and bandaging

The purpose of bandaging a wound are :
1- To minimize haematoma and odema formation
2-To help obliterate dead space
3-To protect against additional contamination and truma
4-To absorb drainage
5- To minimize excessive motion


Department of Surgery & Obstetrics
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

Wound closure:

Whether the wound should be closed after the initial debridement or left open is not always an easy decision when there is any doubt, leave the wound open to heal by secondary intention, primary wound closure occur up to 8 hr. after primary injury. When contaminated wound like to suturing we should clean the wound perfectly remove all dead tissue .

Before primary closure performed, dead space should be eliminated . Suture can assist in the elimination of dead space but the number of suture should be kept to a minimum. The suture should be small in diameter and properly placed to gently appose tissue layers, Improper suture placement can retard healing

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

Complications of wounds

1- Hemorrhage and trumatic anemia:
Results from loss of large quantity of blood, when hemorrhage is sever acute anemia will developed, the animal being in state of collapse with gasping respiration, running down pulse, and palled mucus membrane, death may followed rapidly from cerbral ischemia
2-Syncope:
Characterized by sudden stoppage of the heart action , the patient appear to be dead , cause may be severe hemorrhage


Department of Surgery & Obstetrics
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

3-Shock:

4- Trumatic neurologia:
Manifested by continuous of an abnormal pain, it may confined to the region of the wound
5- Trumatic emphysema:
This is due to infiltration of the cellular tissue by air it is common complication of punctured wound of the respiratory tract.
6- Venous thrombosis:
It is the result of phlebitis appear in a vein that has been operred or contused at the site of wound

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul





7- Trumatic fever:
It happen due to absorption of toxin from the wound caused by the presence of bacteria
8- Septicemia and Pyemia :
Very little occur due to aseptic percussion and antibiotic drugs.
9- Gangrene
This is due to invasion of the wound by anaerobic microorganism, associated with deep wound

Problems in Wound healing

Proud Flesh:
Common in lower leg wounds in horses
Over growth of granulated tissue prevents epithelial tissue from covering the wound

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul





Suture Materials and Tissue Adhesives

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

Suture Materials:

Many different suture materials are available to veterinary surgeon, the choice of suture materials has too often been governed by the training, experience and preference of surgeon
Ideal suture materials
1- It should be suitable for use in any operation, the only variable being the size needed.
2- It should be easy to handle
3-Tissue reaction to the tissue should be minimal
4-The tensile strength should be high
5-Its knot should hold security with out cutting
6- It should be easy to thread and sterilize and should not shrink in tissue

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

7- It should not electrolytic, no allergenic, and no carcinogenic

8- It should be absorbed with minimal tissue reaction after having served the purposes.

Department of Surgery & Obstetrics

College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

Classification of suture materials

Absorbable suture
Those undergo degradation and rapid loss tensile strenth within 60 days

Nonabsorbable suture

Those that retain tensile strength for longer than 60

Natural

Plain catgut, chromic catgut, collagen, Kangarotendon, tensilefasciolata
Synthetic
Polyglycolic acid, polyglacatin 910, polydioxane


Synthetic
polyamide, nylon, polyster

natural

Animal

Silk

Plant

Cotton

Other source

stainless





Suture size is based on strength and diameter as decided by the United States Pharmacopeia (U.S.P.) This system uses "0" as the baseline, average size suture. As suture diameter decreases, "0's" are added or numbers followed by a "0" (for example, 000 and 3-0 are the same size). As suture diameter increases above "0", numbers are assigned to the suture material.

•

•

• Absorbable sutures

• Handling
• Knot Security
• Tissue Reactivity
• Brand Name
• Name
• fair
• poor
• severe
• ---
• Plain Catgut
• good
• good
• moderate
• ---
• Chromic Catgut
• good
• good
• minimal
• Monocryl
• Poliglecaprone 25
• good
• fair
• minimal
• Vicryl
• Polyglactin 910
• good
• fair
• minimal
• Dexon
• Polyglycolic acid
• good
• good
• minimal
• PDS II
• Polydioxanone

• Non-absorbable sutures

• Handling
• Knot Security
• Tissue Reactivity
• Brand Name
• Name
• excellent
• good
• severe
• ---
• Silk
• good
• poor
• moderate (if coating sheds)
• Ethibond, Tevdek
• Braided Polyester
• poor
• excellent
• practically none
• ---
• Stainless Steel Wire
• fair
• good
• minimal
• Prolene, Fluorofil
• Polypropylene
• fair
• poor
• minimal
• ---
• Polyethylene

• Main uses

• Disadvantage
• Advantage
• Source
• Suture name
• GIT
• Mammary
• UB
• Some animal may sensitive
• Expensive
• Can not resrerilized
• Has some inflammatory reaction
• Adequate tensile strength
• Well tolerated by tissue
• Easy to handle
• Absorbable, natural
• Catgut
• Can use in skin
• All organs except, U, GB, UB
• Can not use in lumen
• Cause ulcer
• It act as nidus in GB,UB
• Easily to handle
• Well tolerated by tissue
• Inexpensive
• resterilized
• Non absorbable
• natural
• Silk
• Skin
• Poor handling
• Not good in Knot security
• Minimal tissue reaction
• Good tensile strength
• Can be used in infection
• Nonabsorbable
• synthetic
• Nylon


Department of Surgery & Obstetrics
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Mosul

Tissue adhesives

The group of materials that have been used most extensively as tissue adhesives are the cyanoacrylates , it converted from liquid to a solid state by polymerization by a little amount of water present on the surface of tissue, setting time range between 2 to 60 seconds, depended thickness of tissue
Problems associated, some of them were toxic, also reported granuloma associated with use of tissue adhesive,
Severe wound infection when used in contaminated wounds
Delayed healing if the wound edges are separated.
It used in oral surgery, intestine anastmosis management of corneal ulcer, skin grafts