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FLUID & ELECTROLYTE

Dr. Muddather A. Mohammed
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objectives

1- body fluids and electrolytes 2- intravenous fluid therapy 3- types of intravenous fluids
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BODY FLUIDS

Fluid intake is derived from both exogenous (consumed liquids) and endogenous (released during oxidation of solid foodstuffs)
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The following are the approximate daily requirements ofsome electrolytes in adults:• sodium: 50–90 mM/day;• potassium: 50 mM/day;• calcium: 5 mM/day;• magnesium: 1 mM/day. *

Indications for IV fluids therapy To provide water, electrolytes, and nutrients to meet daily requirements To replace water and correct electrolyte deficits
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IV solutions contain dextrose or electrolytes mixed in various proportions with water Can electrolyte-free water can be administered by IV? NOO! it rapidly enters red blood cells and causes them to rupture
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3 main types: Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

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Types of IV Solutions according to osmolarity

Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
0.9% Sodium Chloride = Normal Saline
0.45% NaCl
10% dextrose solution
Lactated Ringer’s (LR) 3%Sodium Chloride
D5W
0.18% NaCl D5W (5th glucose saline)
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Crystalloid solutions aqueous solutions of salts, minerals or any other water soluble substances. Saline, which is an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, is a crystalloid. Since they contain small molecules, they can be passed through all the cell membranes and go into cells e.g. normal saline
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Colloids: a homogeneous mixture, The particles in colloidal solutions are of intermediate size compared to particles in crystalloids so they remain in intravascular compartment e.g. hetastarch
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Maitenance Requirements of Fluid &Electrolytes

BW Kg 0-10 10-20 >20 WATER ml/kg 100 (1000)+50 (1500)+20 Na meq/kg 3 3 3 K meq/kg 1 1 1 Dificit replaced according to clinical condition
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