عملي

Trichomoniasis

Family: Trichomonadidae
Genus: Trichomonas
3 species in humans:
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis)
Trichomonas tenax (T. tenax)
Trichomonas hominis (T. hominis)

Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis)

Sexually transmitted disease of worldwide importance (Trichomoniasis)
20-40% in Women – 15% in Men
Obligate protozoan parasite

Pathology:

Women:
Asymtomatic in most cases
Vulvovaginitis:
Purulent vaginal discharge (leucorrhoea)
Malodourous smell
Strawberry cervix
Itching
Punctate haemorrhages in mucosa:
Vulval & vaginal epithelium fiery red and inflamed
Dyspareunia (sex pain)
Urethritis:
Dysuria
Increased frequency of micturition
Men:
Usually asymtomatic
Non-gonococcal urethritis:
Pain in urethra (burning after urination & ejaculation)
Testicular pain
Purulent to mucoid discharge •
Epididymitis
Prostatitis


Morphology:
Trophozoite is the only stage present in the life cycle
NO cystic stage
General Morphology of Trichomonas trophozoite:
Pear shaped
7 – 23 in length
4 flagella extend anteriorly outside the cell together
1 flagellum extends posteriorly along the cell membrane to form an undulating membrane.
Motile
Costa: a rigid cord attaches the undulating membrane to the cell membrane and gives the undulating membrane support
Axostyle runs down the middle of the body & ends in a pointed tail and used for attachment to surfaces and may also cause the tissue damage
Round nucleus in the anterior portion Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)
Multiplies by longitudinal binary fission

Life Cycle

Infective stage: Trophozoite
Access: reproductive & urinary system
Ecological niches: Squamous epithelium of the reproductive & urinary system
Pathogenic stage: trophozoite
Diagnostic stage: trophozoite


Diagnosis: (Microscopic examination)

Trophozoite

Specimen
vaginal discharge, prostatic fluid, urine, semen
Method
Direct wet mount with normal saline
Diseases
Trichomoniasis
Remarks
Container must clean
Examined soon after they have been passed
Seen
Trophozoite (jerky & twitching motility)
Treatment
metronidazole (flagyl)