Infertility Affection of Ovary
1. Inflammation of the ovaries: The term oophoritis or ovaritis refers to inflammation of the ovaries. The condition is rare and, when it occurs, it is usually pyogenic.1. Inflammation of the ovaries: It may occur secondary to trauma, infection from the uterus that passes through the oviducts or by extension through the uterine wall causing peritonitis.
1. Inflammation of the ovaries: In this cases palpation of the ovary through rectum is painfull. In early diagnosis of ovaritis the case can be treated using systemic antibiotic. Many cases of ovaritis develop to ovarobursal adhesion.
2. Haemorrhage of the ovaries: Haemorrhage of the ovaries occurs during ovulation in all species of domestic animals, but it is usually minimal and confined largely to the collapsed follicles.
2. Haemorrhage of the ovaries: Intrafollicular hemorrhage occurs in calves, in follicular cysts of the bitch and occasionally in atretic follicles of cows. The most significant and severe hemorrhage occurs following manual enucleation of the corpus luteum in cattle.
2. Haemorrhage of the ovaries:
3. Cystic ovaries: Cystic ovaries is the clinical term used to refer to one or more cysts in the ovaries. The condition may occur in all species, but it is most common in cattle and swine.3. Cystic ovaries: Predisposing factors for cystic ovaries: Genetic background. Nutritional factors: such as vit A & E deficiency, selenium, calcium, phosphorous and cobalt deficiency.
3. Cystic ovaries: Predisposing factors for cystic ovaries: Milk production: The incidence is higher in high yielding dairy cows. High level of prolactin may interfere with secretion of LH.
3. Cystic ovaries: Predisposing factors for cystic ovaries: Post partum problem such as retention of placenta, milk fever and endometritis may increase the risk of cystic ovary this cases causing high level of cortison and this interfered with secretion of LH.
3. Cystic ovaries: Several kinds of cysts are recognized: Follicular C.O. Luteal C.O. Cystic corpus luteum. Para ovarian cyst.
3. Cystic ovaries: Follicular C.O. Is the most common form of cystic ovarian. It arises from failure of the mature follicle to rupture.
3. Cystic ovaries: Follicular C.O. The condition is most common in heavy producing cows and may be associated with nymphomania. (nymphomania is believed to be due to the estrogenic substances present in the cyst fluid).
3. Cystic ovaries: Follicular C.O. (nymphomania: the cow may bellow like bull with apparent high tail head caused by relaxation of the pelvic ligaments).
3. Cystic ovaries: Follicular C.O. Nymphomania
3. Cystic ovaries: Follicular C.O. The pituitary gonadotrophin is not released in a normal manner during early estrus. Thus, the mature follicle is not exposed to the ovulating and luteinizing action of the luteinizing hormone.3. Cystic ovaries: Follicular C.O. Grossly, one or more large follicles are present on one or both ovaries. There is an absence of corpus lutea in the ovaries.
3. Cystic ovaries: Follicular C.O. The cervix is enlarged and produces a tough gray-white mucus. Also, the clitoris may be enlarged. Microscopically, the ovum is absent and there is degeneration of the granulosa cells.
3. Cystic ovaries:
3. Cystic ovaries: Luteal C.O. Develop when there is delayed or insufficient release of luteinizing hormone during estrus. Ovulation fails to occur and the theca interna undergoes luteinization.3. Cystic ovaries: Luteal C.O. Grossly, there is no ovulation papilla, the luteal mass is smooth and rounded. It appears that luteinized cysts are less severe than follicular cystic ovary.
3. Cystic ovaries: Luteal C.O. High percentage of follicular cyst under the effect of LH developed to luteal cyst. The luteal tissue produce high level of progesterone and the condition is usually characterized by long period of anestrus.
3. Cystic ovaries: Diagnosis: Clinical signs. Rectal examination. Sonographic examination.
3. Cystic ovaries: Treatment: Follicular C.O. High dose of GnRH or LH can initiate rupture of the cyst. Combination of LH and progesteron give good result in treating this condition.
3. Cystic ovaries:Treatment: Leteal C.O.The best treating methods is GnRH followed in 10-14 days by PGF2α.
3. Cystic ovaries: Prevention: In high yielding dairy cows, administration of GnRH at the day 14 post partum reduce the incidence of cystic ovaries.
3. Cystic ovaries: Cystic corpus luteum. This is a normal physiological condition. In this case the size of corpus leteum is normal, an ovulation papilla is present but it contain an irregularly shaped cavity with fluid.
3. Cystic ovaries:
3. Cystic ovaries: Para ovarian cyst. Refer to a variety of cystic structures located adjacent to the ovaries.