Gender identity disorders

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Prof . Dr. Elham Aljammas
8th of april
2014



A psychosexual disorder is defined as any form of sexual dysfunction that is caused by a psychological issue and does not stem from an actual physical illness.

Definitions

Gender Identity
Subjective awareness of maleness or femaleness

Gender role

Pattern of outward behavior –most culturally determined


Psychosexual disorder
Anyone who suspects the presence of any type of psychosexual disorder is encouraged to visit a doctor or licensed counselor for further evaluation and individualized treatment.
Some issues that are widely thought of as sexual perversions are often the result of some sort of psychosexual disorder.
These issues may include sexual sadism, exhibitionism, or fetishism.

Psychosexual disorder

In many of these cases, an underlying mental illness is diagnosed when the affected person undergoes a complete psychological evaluation. As some of these disorders can lead to potential illegal behavior or impulses, inpatient treatment in a medical or psychological facility is often needed

Psychosexual disorder

Physical or emotional trauma may cause some people to develop a psychosexual disorder. Abuse or any type of sexual trauma can lead a person to have conflicting feelings concerning the physical and emotional aspects of a sexual relationship.

Psychosexual disorder

Feelings of misplaced guilt are prevalent, sometimes causing the affected person to become confused or experience extreme anxiety at the thought of receiving pleasure from an activity that once caused pain and fear.

Psychosexual disorder

In order to be effectively diagnosed with a psychosexual disorder, a variety of medical tests are typically performed in order to make sure there are no physical reasons for the sexual dysfunction. If no medical issues are found, the doctor will usually refer the patient to a psychiatrist or psychologist for a complete evaluation. Prescription medications coupled with some type of psychological therapy are the usual treatment options for this type of disorder. If the patient is involved in a relationship, couples counseling may be recommended as a part of the treatment process.

Psychosexual disorder

Gender identity confusion is still believed to be a psychosexual disorder by some medical professionals, although research has begun to suggest that this issue may actually have a physical or biological cause. Many doctors and therapists have moved away from referring to gender issues as a disorder. Those with what is sometimes termed gender identity disorder do not identify with the gender assigned at birth, instead choosing to live as a member of the opposite sex.


Contributing factors
Factors such as stress, anxiety, or feelings of guilt can sometimes contribute to the development of a psychosexual disorder.

Symptoms vary widely from person to person and from one gender to another and may include inability to climax, loss of libido, or even physical pain when attempting to engage in intercourse

Psychosexual development

psychosexual development

In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of functional mental disordethe psychoanalytic sexual drive theory, that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido (sexual appetite) that develops in five stages. Each stage — the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital — is characterized by the erogenous zone that is the source of the libidinal drive. Sigmund Freud proposed that if the child experienced anxiety, thwarting his or her sexual appetite during any libidinal (psychosexual) development stage, said anxiety would persist into adulthood as a neurosis, a r


Oedipus complex
Oedipus — Despite mother being the parent who primarily gratifies the child's desires, the child begins forming a discrete sexual identity — "boy", "girl" — that alters the dynamics of the parent and child relationship; the parents become the focus of infantile libidinal energy. The boy focuses his libido (sexual desire) upon his mother, and focuses jealousy and emotional rivalry against his father

Electra complex

Electra — Whereas boys develop castration anxiety, the girl redirects her desire for sexual union upon father; thus, she progresses towards heterosexual femininity

Definitions

Cross dresser:
Wears clothes designed for the opposite sex
Eroticism:
Arousing pattern of behavior &stimuli
Homosexual:
Relating to or tendency directed to the same sex.
Transexual:
Urge to belong to the opposite sex With any method even surgically
Transvestite:
Adopt the dress & behavior of the opposite sex for sexual & emotional gratifications

Psychosexual disorders

Paraphilia are recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors generally involving
• nonhuman objects,
• the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner, or
• children or other nonconsenting persons, that occur over a period of at least 6 months

Cont.

Homosexuality is romantic or sexual attraction or behavior between members of the same sex or gender

Cont.

Transsexualism is an individual's identification with a gender inconsistent or not culturally associated with their assigned sex. Simply put, it defines a person whose assigned sex at birth conflicts with their psychological gender

Voyeurism is a deviant manifestation of sexuality that involves looking without being seen in order to obtain sexual pleasure.

Cont.

ped·o·phil·i·a
The act or fantasy on the part of an adult of engaging in sexual activity with a child or children.
As a medical diagnosis, pedophilia, or paedophilia, is defined as a psychiatric disorder in adults or late adolescents (persons age 16 or older (generally age 13 years or younger, though onset of puberty may vary). child must be at least five years younger than the adolescent before the attraction can be diagnosed as pedophilia.

Interuption of gender development

1.childhood traumatic experience
2.Sexual violation & verbal abuse
3.opposite or same sex peer freindship
4.Breakdown of family systems


Prevalence:
F->M=1in 30000
M->F =1in10000

Parent/ confused Gender

Father
Alcoholic =18%
Mentally abusive =28%
Abscent ,remote ,uninvolved=72%
Unafferming =93%
Mother:
Mentally abusive =28%
Unafferming =93%

Symptoms- in Children

Strong desire to be the opposite sex
Believe self to be the opposite sex
Cross dressing as the opposite/desired sex Engaging in stereotypical sexual behavior
Preference to have friends or play with others of the opposite/desired sex
Refusal to wear stereotypical clothing of biological sex
Disgust with own genitalia


Symptoms–Adolescents&Adults
Strong desire to be the opposite sex  Passing as the opposite sex
Desire to live and be accepted as the opposite sex
Belief of being born the wrong sex
Intense desire to change primary & secondary sex characteristics

DSMIV Criteria

Strong and persistent cross-gender identification (not for cultural gain)
Persistent discomfort with his or her sex or sense of inappropriateness in the gender role of that sex Disturbance not concurrent with a physical intersex condition
Disturbance cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social ,occupational, or other important areas of functioning Specify:sexually attracted to males,sexually attracted to females, sexually attracted to both,sexually attracted to neither

Son separates from mom for psychological individuation successfully

Father
Mother
Daughter

Son-1

Son-2
Normal relation ship


Son-1
Son-2

Father

Mother

Daughter

Son’s attempts to defend against more pain from rejection by defensively detaching from father’s relationship emotionally
• Unhealthy RelationshipDefensive Detachment Begins

Son-1

Daughter

Girl 1

Girl 2

Girlfriend

Father
Mother


Son-2

Grandma

Aunt 1

Men are objectified-curious-sexualized

• Unhealthy RelationshipDefensive Attachment Solidifies